Lifestyle Diseases Vocabulary [Effortless English DVD1 > LV3 > 06]

This article… By the way, it’s from Shiori Iwagaki, who was one of our members from Hiroshima, Japan. She wrote the original essay. I edited it, so that it would be understand in American English, of course. Alright, let’s get started with some of the more difficult vocabulary from this article.

In the first paragraph, I used the phrase “contributing factor”. Or she is.***. the phrase. “The major contributing factor to life style related diseases”. “Contributing factor” is something that affects something or something that causes it. So that… But “contributing” gives the idea that it’s not the total cause. It’s one of the causes, it might be a major cause, but there might be another things that also cause this problem. So, that’s the “contributing factor”.

And a life style related disease. A lifestyle disease. It's a “disease” comes from how you live your life. And “lifestyle” means how you eat, how you live, how you act, your action, your food, how you sleep, your exercise habits, all you daily habits of living, that’s your lifestyle. So, son’s diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease they are caused by, or contributed to, by the way you live. If you… mostly by the way you eat.    

“Diabetes” is a type of blood disease. It’s a blood sugar disease. Your body cannot control your blood sugar.

We used the word “obesity” in this article. “Obesity” means very, very fat. Ok. So, there’s “fat”, and then there's “obesity”. “Obesity” means extremely fat, very fat, dangerously fat.

All right, we see the word “surplus” in this article, in the same paragraph. “Surplus” means extra. So, you have… you have this much as you need and then you get more. In this case surplus weigh is bad, right? You don’t too much weigh. Surplus money is good, you get more than you actually need, that’s great, that’s money. Not so good if it’s fat.

All right, I think you guys on another word “calorie”. “Calorie” is the amount energy from what you eat, from the food. It has a… other side.... meaning, but for *** meaning it’s generally the amount of the energy you get from the food. And if you get too much energy from your food, too many calories, of course you’re going to get fat.

All right, we see the word… You see the word “overweight” in this article. Số, there’s “overweight” and there’s “obesity”,  so what’s the difference? “Overweight” really means… you’re fat, but maybe a little fat. It’s kind of a polite word in English to say fat. You’re not…You… In English, especially in America, you do not tell someone directly, “Oh, you’re fat!” But you might say, “Woa, you know? You’re overweight. You’re a little overweight. You should lose weight”. It’s kind of a polite way to say fat. But “obesity” is very, very, very fat. Số ít’s more than just “overweight”. “Overweight” is… probably most American. But “Obesity” is… is.. you know, it’s a big difficult problem, and it’s extremely fat.

All right, we talk about the word “servings” in this… that… on the TV show, the Japanese people ate 3 serving of Korean rice. A “serving” is kind of the amount you eat at one time. So, if you go to a restaurant, first they’ll bring an appetizer, Ok, that’s a serving, whatever’s on that place, we call that a serving.  And then they’ll bring your main dish, that’s another serving. And you maybe… you know they’ll keep bringing dishes, each one of those, we call that a serving. Or if you go to a buffer, alright  ahh… all you can eat, you take your plate, you put food on it, you bring back to the table, you eat it, then you go back to the buffer again and get more, that’s your second serving.

Alright, “excess”. In the next paragraph we used the word “excess”. “Excess” also has the idea of… of “surplus”, of more than you need, too much, or extra. So, “excess weight” means extra weight.

*****. You see the word, down towards of the bottom of the lining guide here, near page one, “meal portion sizes”. Ok, a “portion” is a similar idea to “serving” but really “portion” means the amount of food on your plate. So, maybe both of us are eating Spaghetti, but I only have one cup of Spaghetti. Alright, I have just a little bit of Spaghetti on my food, my plate. And another person has a really big size of Spaghetti, a lot of Spaghetti, their portion is bigger than mine. They have a bigger portion of Spaghetti. It’s the size, it’s the amount of food on your plate.

Alright. Shiori mentions that, “unless you have an unbelievably strong will”, you can watch TV and… and … and stay thin. “Unbelievably” means amazingly, incredibly, very very very.

And “will”, “will” is your mental strength, the strength of your mind. Ahh… So if that… that I (05:06s), if your *mind is very strong, then you can look at a piece of chocolate cake and say, “No, I will not eat it! I want it but I won’t eat it.” Right, your mind is strong. If you have a weak will, however, if you see the chocolate cake, you say, “Oh, I must eat it.” And you eat it. You know it’s bad but you do it anyway, your will, your mental power is weak.

All right! Down towards the bottom of page one, ahh… I used the verb “to shift”. “We have to find a way to shift our mental focus.” “Shift” has the… has 2 kinds of meaning, 1 is to change, sometimes it means a small change, or a sudden change; a quick change. So “shift” is to change. And also can mean to move; Move your body or move something usually side to side. So, sideways movement; It’s another meaning of “shift”. And in this case it means change.

And then ahhh… “Mental focus”. “Mental focus” is what you focus your mind on; what you concentrate on; what you think about most of the time.

And that same sentence, you hear the word “foci” – F-O-C-I. “Foci” is the plural of focus. So, “foci” means more than one; Focus. So, we don’t say “focuses”. Ok, this is a regular, we do not say “focuses”, we say “foci”, more than one focus.

All right, moving on to the second page of the lining guide. The beginning, you see the phrase “root causes”. “Root causes” means the… the deep cause, the original cause, the real cause of something, alright? Deep, deep down, what is really causing the problem. 

The next paragraph, we hear the word “anxious”. “Anxious” means envious.

And we also hear… ahhh…. We see the word… the phrase, rather, “an outlet for”. “An outlet for your feelings.” “An outlet for your feelings, it means an action that helps you get rid of your feelings or get your feelings out. So I feel nervous, then I eat something and I feel better, I feel more relax. So, eating is an outlet for my nervousness. Alright, helps me get the nervousness out of my mind. 

All right, in the same paragraph you see the phrase, the verb rather, “to distract”, to distract. To "distract” means to suddenly change your mind. And it… Usually means on purpose. You’re trying to change mind, you’re trying to change what you’re thinking about. For example I’m reading a book, and my friend comes over and she interrupts me, alright? So I can’t read the book any more. So I can say my friend is distracting me. I can’t focus on the book anymore, I have to turn and look at my friend. It just suddenly changes my thoughts; suddenly changes my focus.  Ok that’s “distract.”

“Inappropriate”, I think we have this word before. “Inappropriate” means wrong for the situation; it’s incorrect, not good for the situation.

All right, “dealing with”, we’ve the phrase “dealing with”. If you deal with something it means you survive it, you cope with it, you… somehow you use this situation and you are successful or at least you don’t fail. So dealing with something means it’s a difficult situation and somehow you continue to keep going.

And to hand… In the next paragraph we see the verb “to handle”. And that has… basically the same meaning if you handle a situation, it means it’s a difficult situation but you don’t fail, you keep going, somehow you success or at least you are avoid failing.

All right, in that same… next paragraph, we.. we hear the word “achievement”. Shiori said, “we can enjoy achievement of passing a difficult exam.”  “Achievement” means success. It means something good that you do. …. That thing success is a very good, a good ***, a good definition for achievement.

    And the next sentence we… she says, “We can enjoy the exertion and effort of sports”.  “Exertion” means effort, it means difficult effort, usually means you’re trying very hard, you can imagine you're sweating , you’re putting a lot of effort, a lot of energy trying to do something. In this case is “physical exertion”, it means you’re actually using you body. And it’s very difficult.

Ok we also have “mental exertion”, it means you’re using a lot of mental effort; you’re trying very hard to solve a mental problem.

In that sentence, you hear the word “enumerate”. So, “we can enumerate many more positive pursuits.”  “To enumerate” is to make a list. Alright, and usually it means to say a list. So, if we can enumerate many positive actions, it means we can make a long list. We can, “exercise”, that’s number one, number two: meditate, number 3: have good friendships, number 4: eat healthy food. I am enumerating healthy actions. Alright? I am listing them one by one.

And a “pursuit”, of course is something that you do. It’s an action. It has the idea maybe event of a hobby sometimes; something you like to do often, that’s “pursuit”.

And finally in the last paragraph of the article, we see the verb “to cultivate”. “to cultivate” is to take care of something and help it grow. So, if you have a plant, we use it in farming, you cultivate plants, it means you… you take care them, you feed them, you give them water and… and so they will grow bigger and bigger. You can also cultivate a healthy body, that means you take care of your body, you help your body grow strong.

All right. Well, that’s it. That’s all of the vocabulary for the Lifestyle Diseases article. If this one too fast; if it’s a little difficult, no problem, just relax, listen to it again, you can listen to it. You know, 3 times, 5 times, 50 times, it doesn’t matter. Whatever is good for you. So listen to it again and again. This will help you remember the vocabulary.

This vocabulary is typed by MT.Dang. Please do not use it in business. Nội dung bài Vocabulary được gõ lại bởi MT Dang. Vui lòng không sử dụng lại với mục đích kinh doanh - mua bán.Thank you!