First Battle Vocabulary [Effortless English DVD1 > LV3 > 04]

Hello! Welcome to the vocabulary lesson for First Battle. Let’s begin.

First, we see the word “howl”, “a howl from the opposing army…”

 “A howl” is similar to a scream or a yell. (Howling, AHH UUUUU…) That’s a howl, or (howling AHHHH), that’s also a howl. So, a “howl”, a “howl” is a scream or a yell. Okay.

We see the word “thudded”. “Thudded” here’s been to used as a verb. The noun “thud” is a sound, it’s a heavy, loud sound like this: (thudding sound).  That is a thud, noun. If you make that sound, then we call that “thudding” or “to thud”. So, “I thudded my hand against the desk (thudding sound)”.

Alright, next we see “in unison”. “In unison”. “In unison” means together, together at the same time. Two people or more… doing the same thing at the same time. We say, “in unison, in unison, in unison”.

We see the word “Giddy” in the first paragraph. “Giddy” means nervous and excited. “Giddy”, “giddy”. “Giddy” means nervous and excited. It means nervous, but usually nervous about something good, nervous about something fun. You maybe giddy before Christmas because you will get some gifts. So “giddy”, “giddy” means nervous and excited.

Next paragraph we see the word “wiry”. It spelled W-I-R-Y, but in fact, we say it with three syllables: / ‘w- ɪə-ri/, wiry, wiry. “Wiry” means thin with muscles. It means a person who has muscles, okay, so they’re a little bit strong, but they’re also very thin.

Arnold Schwarzenegger, the governor of my States – California. Arnold Schwarzenegger is not wiry. He’s not. He has very very bit muscles. A wiry person has smaller muscles and they’re very thin, they have no fat, no fat. Jacky Chan is wiry, Jackie Chain. Jet Li is wiry.

Okay, we see the phrase “goose bumps”, “goose bumps”. “Goose bumps” are the little bumps on your skin when you are afraid or nervous, or excited. I think in Japan they say “chicken bumps” sometimes - some other countries. But we say “goose”. “Goose” is an animal, it’s like a big duck. So, goose bumps: the little bumps on your skin when you’re nervous or cold, or scared.

All right! We see the verb “to advance”, “to advance”. In this case, “to advance” means move forward, move straight ahead. Move forward; To advance. “To advance”, “the army advanced” means the army move forward.

Alright, in the next paragraph we see the word “adrenaline”, “adrenaline”. “Adrenaline” is a chemical from your body. “Adrenaline” is a chemical from your body. “Adrenaline” is a hormone, a hormone, a chemical in your body. When you are afraid, or excited, your body makes adrenaline. Adrenaline makes you want to run away or fight. So when you feel very excited, you have a lot of energy, it’s because you have adrenaline in your body, in your blood.

Alright, we see the word “awe” here, A-W-E.  “Awe”, it’s pronounced /ɑː/, ……. You don’t actually say it “W” sound, it’s not / ɑ:w/, no, it’s /ɑː/. And “awe” means surprise, amazement, you’re… if I call “Wow! Amazing! Incredible! WOW!”, that feeling, we call “awe”, “awe”. And the word “awesome” comes from this, this short word, “awe”.

Okay. Next paragraph we have the word “oddballs”. An “oddball” is a person who is a little strange. So, “odd” - O-D-D, means a little strange, but that’s an adjective. “Oddball” is a noun, it’s describe of its.. its… refer to a person. An “oddball” is a person who is odd. An “oddball” is a person who is a little strange. “Oddball” is a strange person, strange person.

We see the word “medieval” in that paragraph. “Medieval” is a period of history, it’s a time in history. In your opinion history. “Medieval”, “The medieval history period”. the medieval history period was about 580 to about 5080. So, knights and armor, you know… you see movies about King Arthur, Brave Heart, those are medieval movies. There’s some medieval time period, “medieval”.

Alright, we see the word “outlandish” in this paragraph. “Outlandish” means…, kind of dramatic and creative, and a little crazy. But not crazy like on the street, living on the street, crazy. Crazy, and fun. Very loud and fun. For example, Jim Carrey, Jim Carry is an outlandish person. If you see Jim Carry’s comedy movies, right?  He’s always yelling and screaming “Yayyy!!!”. He acts kind of crazy, but it’s very fun, very funny. That’s “outlandish”, “outlandish”. So, “outlandish”, “outlandish” means… it’s kindda crazy and fun.

We see the word “hammish” here, “hammish performer”. “Hammish” means too dramatic, too strong. And it… “Hammish”… really, we use it to describe an actor or an actress. So, “Oh, she is a ham”, or “she is hammish”. A “ham” is a noun, “hammish” is an adjective. We say, “She’s hammish”, it means, “Oh, she.. her acting is too strong, too much.”

All right, we see the word “buff” here, B-U-F-F.  A “buff”, “a history buff”. A “buff” is a fan. Someone who likes some kind of… filled or discipline, some who likes to study something or do something. Especially studying something. So for example, here we have a history buff, it’s a person who loves to study history, it’s their hobby. If we have a train buff, it means they love to study trains and learn about trains. All right, so, a “buff”, you can put anything in front of it. A train buff; a car buff; a motorcycle buff, a history buff.

Okay, we see the word “misfits” here. “Misfits”. “A misfit” is someone who does not fit in with sociality, with the social group. So, a misfit: someone who’s… basically not normal; someone who doesn’t fit with normal sociality; doesn’t fit with the normal culture.   We call the.. that kind of person “a misfit”. It could be positive or it could negative. It depends on the situation. But, a misfit: does not fit in; does not belong with the normal group.

Next we have the word “drudgery”. “Drudgery” means very boring work; difficult and boring work. But especially boring. “Drudgery”, “drudgery”, “drudgery”.

Many students think that studying English is drudgery. “Oh, it’s boring and difficult work”, that’s what students sometime say, right? They’re using text, they’re using textbook, they use normal method. They say “Oh, this is drudgery”. “Drudgery”. Drudgery: difficult, boring work. “Drudgery”, “drudgery”.

Ok next paragraph we see the word… actually the phrase, “revolves around”, “revolves around”. “Revolves around” means… it’s the center of the event; It’s the most important thing. So we say the event revolves around a tournament or a fight. It means the fight is the most important part of the event. The event revolves around a fight. “The event revolves around a battle”, means the battle is in the middle. It’s the most important part of the event.

All right, and “centerpiece” is the same idea. We also see the word “centerpiece” in that paragraph. It’s the same meaning. It means it’s the most important thing. It’s in the center.

OK, next paragraph, on the page two. We see the word “patchwork”. A “patchwork” means a collection. But it really means is a group of things that they’re put together. Lots of little pieces put together. For example, if I have a lot of pieces of cloth, clothing, and I sew them together, I put them together and I make pants. But I’m not using one big piece, right, I have many little pieces and I’m sewing together, that called a “patchwork”. A patchwork. A patchwork.

In this… In this thing… ahh this article says the… United States is a patchwork of Kingdoms, it means the small groups called Kingdoms are put together to make the United States. A patchwork. A patchwork.

Okay, then we go on to two more paragraphs down, we see the phrase “full-fledged”. “Full-fledged”. “Full-fledged” means total, complete 100% (one hundred percent). If I say, “He is a full-fledged alcoholic”, (alright, alcoholic: someone who drinks alcohol too much.) that means he a total alcoholic, completely, totally alcoholic; A full-fledged alcoholic. So “full-fledged”, “full-fledged”. “Full-fledged” means total, complete 100%.

All right, we see the word “monarchy” here. “Monarchy” is a kind of government. Monarchy. “Monarchy” is a government that is ruled by… that it’s controlled by a King and a Queen. That’s a monarchy. A monarchy, a monarchy. Not many monarchies in the world any more. But in the past, many monarchies, right, there were a King, a Queen, they were the true leaders. that’s a monarchy style of government.

Ok, down in the end of that paragraph, we see the word “persona”, “ persona”. “Persona” is kind of.. like a character or a personality. But it’s one that you create. So, it’s a character or personality that you create, we call that a “persona”, “persona”, “persona”.

Next paragraph we see the word “stunning”. “Stunning” means amazing, incredible and surprising, that’s “stunning”. Stunning: Incredible, amazing, surprising. “Stunning”.

All right, we see the word “manic” in this paragraph. “Manic”, “manic” means having a lot of energy. Very very energetic. Super energetic. Very very very energetic, lots and lots and lots of energy, we say “manic”. “Manic”. “He is manic. He is manic. He’s always running around. He always speaks very fast, manic, manic.

Next paragraph we have a few new words, a few interesting words, one is “meticulous”, “meticulous”, many members of the ESCA are meticulous researchers. “meticulous” means very very careful, and especially “meticulous” means careful about details, careful about small details. We call that “meticulous”. It’s an adjective, “meticulous”. A meticulous person; a very careful person; a person who careful about details. Meticulous, meticulous.

Ok, a little far the down, we see the word “eccentricity”. “Eccentricity” means weirdness, strangeness, eccentricity. But “eccentricity” means strangeness that is OK, it’s not negative. Strangeness, maybe that’s a little bit fun or a little interesting. We call that “eccentricity”, “eccentricity”. “Eccentricity” is a noun.

Next, we see the word “camaraderie”. “Camaraderie”, we really don’t pronounce that second “a”. We usually say “camaraderie”, “camaraderie” (/kam-rädərē/). “Camaraderie” is a feeling of friendship. It’s the emotion of friendship. When you have a friend, the emotion you feel for the other person, we call that “camaraderie”. We usually don’t say love. Right, if you have a friend, it might be love if you really have a close, close friend, you may say you love your friend. But a normal average friend. You may just say you have camaraderie, you feel camaraderie. It’s a feeling of friendship; camaraderie.

In the… that paragraph we see the word “jubilant”. “Jubilant”, “jubilant” means very very very happy, jubilant. “He is very jubilant”, it means he is very happy, “Yeahhh!” Jubilant: happy. “Jubilant” means happy. “Jubilant” means very happy.

Then we see “tedium”. “Tedium” means very boring work, very very boring. Usually, “tedium” has the idea of … having something is very very small, lots of details, many boring details, we call that “tedium”. The “tedium” is the noun. “Tedious” is the adjective. “This work is tedious” or “this is tedium”.

Finally, we see the word, the phrase, sorry, “for its own sake”. “For its own sake”, do something for its own sake.  When you do something for its own sake, you do it because you enjoy it. Only because you like it. Only because you enjoy it. You’re not trying to get some other gold. You don’t have another reason to do it. You just do it because you like it. We call that “doing it for its own sake”. “For its own sake”. “For its own sake”.

Okay, that is all of the vocabulary. Listen a few times until you are familiar with all of these words. And then go on to the mini-story. Bye-bye.

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